Runo 43: The fight for the Sampo (a fragment)

The argument from Kirby:

The Mistress of Pohjola equips a war-vessel and goes in pursuit of the robbers of the Sampo (1–22). When she overtakes them a fight ensues between the forces of Pohjola and Kalevala in which the latter conquer (23–258). Nevertheless the Mistress of Pohjola succeeds in dragging the Sampo from the boat into the lake, where it breaks to pieces (259–266). The larger portions sink in the lake, and form its riches, while the smaller pieces are thrown on shore by the waves, at which Väinämöinen is much pleased (267–304). The Mistress of Pohjola threatens to send all evil upon Kalevala, to which Väinämöinen pays no attention (305–368). The Mistress of Pohjola returns home in great distress, taking with her only a small fragment of the cover of the Sampo (369–384). Väinämöinen carefully collects the fragments of the Sampo on the shore, and plants them, hoping for continuous good fortune (385–434).

Kalevala (1849)	Kirby (1907)
Louhi, Pohjolan emäntä, kutsui Pohjolan kokohon. Pani joukon jousihinsa, laittoi miehet miekkoihinsa; rakenteli Pohjan purren, suoritti sotavenosen. Latoi miehet laivahansa, suoritti sotaurohot, kuni sotka poikasensa, tavi lapsensa latovi: sata miestä miekallista, tuhat jousella urosta. Kohenteli purjepuita, vaatevarpoja varasi; nosti puuhun purjehia, vaattehia varpapuihin, kuin on pitkän pilven longan, pilven tönkän taivahalla. Siitä läksi laskemahan, sekä läksi jotta joutui sampoa tapoamahan venehestä Väinämöisen. Vaka vanha Väinämöinen laskevi sinistä merta. Itse tuon sanoiksi virkki, puhui purtensa perästä: ”Oi sie lieto Lemmin poika, ylimäinen ystäväni! Nouse purjepuun nenähän, vaatevarpahan ravaha! Katsaise etinen ilma, tarkkoa takainen taivas, onko selvät ilman rannat, onko selvät vai sekavat!” Tuopa lieto Lemminkäinen, poika, veitikkä verevä, hyvin kärkäs käskemättä, kehumattaki kepeä, nousi purjepuun nenähän, vaatevarpahan ravahti. Katsoi iät, katsoi lännet, katsoi luotehet, etelät, katsoi poikki Pohjan rannan. Siitä tuon sanoiksi virkki: ”Selvänä etinen ilma, taakea takainen taivas: pieni on pilvi pohjosessa, pilven lonka luotehessa.” Sanoi vanha Väinämöinen: ”Jo vainen valehtelitki! Ei se pilvi ollekana, pilven lonka lienekänä: se on pursi purjehinen. Katso toiste tarkemmasti!” Katsoi toiste, katsoi tarkoin. Sanovi sanalla tuolla: ”Saari kaukoa näkyvi, etähältä haamottavi; havukoita haavat täynnä, koivut kirjokoppeloita.” Sanoi vanha Väinämöinen: ”Jo vainen valehtelitki! Havukoita ei ne olle eikä kirjokoppeloita: ne on Pohjan poikasia. Katso tarkoin kolmannesti!” Se on lieto Lemminkäinen katsoi kerran kolmannenki. Sanovi sanalla tuolla, lausui tuolla lausehella: ”Jo tulevi Pohjan pursi, satahanka hakkoavi! Sata on miestä soutimilla, tuhat ilman istumassa!” Silloin vanha Väinämöinen jo tunsi toet totiset. Sanan virkkoi, noin nimesi: ”Soua, seppo Ilmarinen, soua, lieto Lemminkäinen, soutakatte, kaikki kansa, jotta juoksisi venonen, pursi eestä ennättäisi!” Souti seppo Ilmarinen, souti lieto Lemminkäinen, souti kansa kaikenlainen. Lyllyivät melat lylyiset, hangat piukki pihlajaiset, vene honkainen vapisi; nenä hyrski hylkehenä, perä koskena kohisi, vesi kiehui kelloloissa, vaahti palloissa pakeni. Kilvan kiskoivat urohot, miehet veikaten vetivät: eipä matka eistykänä, ei pakene puinen pursi eestä purren purjehisen, tuon on Pohjolan venehen. Silloin vanha Väinämöinen jo tunsi tuhon tulevan, hätäpäivän päälle saavan. Arvelee, ajattelevi, miten olla, kuin eleä. Itse tuon sanoiksi virkki: ”Vielä mä tuohon mutkan muistan, keksin kummoa vähäisen.” Tavoittihe tauloihinsa, tunkihe tuluksihinsa. Otti piitä pikkuruisen, tauloa taki vähäisen; ne merehen mestoavi yli olkansa vasemman. Sanovi sanalla tuolla, lausui tuolla lausehella: ”Tuosta tulkohon karinen, salasaari kasvakohon, johon juosta Pohjan purren, satahangan halkiella meren myrskyn hiertimessä, lainehen rapa’imessa!” Se siitä kariksi kasvoi, loihe luo’oksi merehen, itähän pitemmin puolin, poikkipuolin pohjosehen. Tulla puikki Pohjan pursi, halki aallon hakkoavi: jopa joutuvi karille, puuttui luotohon lujasti. Lenti poikki puinen pursi, satakaari katkieli; mastot maiskahti merehen, purjehet putoelivat noiksi tuulen vietäviksi, ahavan ajeltaviksi.	Louhi, Pohjola’s old Mistress, Called together all her forces, Bows delivered to her army, And the men with swords provided, Fitted out a ship of Pohja, As a war-ship she prepared it. In the ship the men she stationed, And equipped for war the heroes, As the duck her ducklings musters, Or the teal her children marshals; There she ranged a hundred swordsmen, And a thousand men with crossbows. In the boat the mast she lifted, Put the yards and spars in order, On the mast the sails adjusted, Spread the canvas o’er the sailyards; Like a hanging cloud it waved there, Like a cloud in heaven suspended; Then upon her voyage she started, Sailed away and speeded onward, Soon to struggle for the Sampo, With the boat of Väinämöinen. Väinämöinen, old and steadfast, O’er the blue lake steered his vessel, And he spoke the words which follow, From the stern where he was seated: “O thou lively son of Lempi, Of my friends the dearest to me, Climb thou quickly to the masthead, And among the canvas hasten. Look thou to the air before thee, Look thou to the sky behind thee, Whether clear is the horizon, Or the sky is somewhat clouded.” Then the lively Lemminkainen, Ruddy youth, accomplished scoundrel, Very active, though unbidden, Very quick, though never boastful, To the masthead then ascended, Up aloft among the canvas. East he looked, and looked to westward, Looked to north-west and to southward, Looked across to Pohja’s coast-line, And he spoke the words which follow: “Clear in front is the horizon, Dark behind is the horizon, Rises north a cloud, a small one, Hangs a single cloud to north-west.” Said the aged Väinämöinen, “What you say is surely nonsense, For no cloud is there ascending, Nor a single cloud arising, But perchance a sailing vessel; Look again, and look more sharply.” Then he looked again more sharply, And he spoke the words which follow: “Far away I see an island, Dimly looming in the distance, Aspens covered o’er with falcons, Speckled grouse upon the birch-trees.” Said the aged Väinämöinen, “What you say is surely nonsense, For no falcons do you see there, And no speckled grouse you see there, But perchance the sons of Pohja; Look more sharply for the third time.” Then the lively Lemminkainen For the third time looked around him, And he spoke the words which follow, And in words like these expressed him: “’Tis a ship from Pohja sailing, With a hundred rowlocks fitted, And I see a hundred oarsmen, And a thousand men beside them.” Then the aged Väinämöinen, All the truth at once perceiving, Spoke aloud the words which follow: “Row, thou smith; row, Ilmarinen; Row, O lively Lemminkainen; Row ye also, all ye people, That the boat be hurried forward, And the vessel onward driven.” Rowed the smith, rowed Ilmarinen, Rowed the lively Lemminkainen, All the people joined in rowing. Swayed about the pinewood oars, Loudly rang the rowan rowlocks, And the pinewood boat was swaying. Like a seal the prow dashed onward, Boiled the waves behind like cataract, Like a bell uprose the water, And the foam flew up in masses. As for wager rowed the heroes, As in race the heroes struggled, But they rowed, and made no progress, Nor could urge the wooden vessel Further from the sailing vessel, And the ship that came from Pohja. Then the aged Väinämöinen Saw misfortune fast approaching. On his head was doomsday falling, And he pondered and reflected, How to act and how to save him, And he spoke the words which follow: “Still I know a plan of safety, Still I see a little marvel.” Then he took a piece of tinder, In his tinder-box he found it, And of pitch he took a little, And a little piece of tinder, And into the lake he threw it, O’er his shoulder left he threw it, And he spoke the words which follow, And in words like these expressed him: “Let a reef of this be fashioned, And a cliff be fashioned from it, Where may run the ship of Pohja, Fitted with a hundred rowlocks, And may strike in lake tempestuous, And amid the waves be shattered.” Thereupon a reef grew upward, In the lake a cliff was fashioned, Half its length to east directed, And its breadth to north directed. Onward sped the ship of Pohja, Gliding swiftly through the lake-waves, And upon the reef came rushing, And upon the rocks wedged firmly. Broke across the wooden vessel, And to splinters it was broken; In the lake the masts fell crashing, And the sails fell drooping downward, By the wind away were carried, And the spring wind all dispersed them.

Kalevala (1849)

Louhi, Pohjolan emäntä, kutsui Pohjolan kokohon. Pani joukon jousihinsa, laittoi miehet miekkoihinsa; rakenteli Pohjan purren, suoritti sotavenosen.

Latoi miehet laivahansa, suoritti sotaurohot, kuni sotka poikasensa, tavi lapsensa latovi: sata miestä miekallista, tuhat jousella urosta.

Kohenteli purjepuita, vaatevarpoja varasi; nosti puuhun purjehia, vaattehia varpapuihin, kuin on pitkän pilven longan, pilven tönkän taivahalla. Siitä läksi laskemahan, sekä läksi jotta joutui sampoa tapoamahan venehestä Väinämöisen.

Vaka vanha Väinämöinen laskevi sinistä merta. Itse tuon sanoiksi virkki, puhui purtensa perästä: ”Oi sie lieto Lemmin poika, ylimäinen ystäväni! Nouse purjepuun nenähän, vaatevarpahan ravaha! Katsaise etinen ilma, tarkkoa takainen taivas, onko selvät ilman rannat, onko selvät vai sekavat!”

Tuopa lieto Lemminkäinen, poika, veitikkä verevä, hyvin kärkäs käskemättä, kehumattaki kepeä, nousi purjepuun nenähän, vaatevarpahan ravahti.

Katsoi iät, katsoi lännet, katsoi luotehet, etelät, katsoi poikki Pohjan rannan. Siitä tuon sanoiksi virkki: ”Selvänä etinen ilma, taakea takainen taivas: pieni on pilvi pohjosessa, pilven lonka luotehessa.”

Sanoi vanha Väinämöinen: ”Jo vainen valehtelitki! Ei se pilvi ollekana, pilven lonka lienekänä: se on pursi purjehinen. Katso toiste tarkemmasti!”

Katsoi toiste, katsoi tarkoin. Sanovi sanalla tuolla: ”Saari kaukoa näkyvi, etähältä haamottavi; havukoita haavat täynnä, koivut kirjokoppeloita.”

Sanoi vanha Väinämöinen: ”Jo vainen valehtelitki! Havukoita ei ne olle eikä kirjokoppeloita: ne on Pohjan poikasia. Katso tarkoin kolmannesti!”

Se on lieto Lemminkäinen katsoi kerran kolmannenki. Sanovi sanalla tuolla, lausui tuolla lausehella: ”Jo tulevi Pohjan pursi, satahanka hakkoavi! Sata on miestä soutimilla, tuhat ilman istumassa!”

Silloin vanha Väinämöinen jo tunsi toet totiset. Sanan virkkoi, noin nimesi: ”Soua, seppo Ilmarinen, soua, lieto Lemminkäinen, soutakatte, kaikki kansa, jotta juoksisi venonen, pursi eestä ennättäisi!”

Souti seppo Ilmarinen, souti lieto Lemminkäinen, souti kansa kaikenlainen. Lyllyivät melat lylyiset, hangat piukki pihlajaiset, vene honkainen vapisi; nenä hyrski hylkehenä, perä koskena kohisi, vesi kiehui kelloloissa, vaahti palloissa pakeni.

Kilvan kiskoivat urohot, miehet veikaten vetivät: eipä matka eistykänä, ei pakene puinen pursi eestä purren purjehisen, tuon on Pohjolan venehen.

Silloin vanha Väinämöinen jo tunsi tuhon tulevan, hätäpäivän päälle saavan. Arvelee, ajattelevi, miten olla, kuin eleä. Itse tuon sanoiksi virkki: ”Vielä mä tuohon mutkan muistan, keksin kummoa vähäisen.”

Tavoittihe tauloihinsa, tunkihe tuluksihinsa. Otti piitä pikkuruisen, tauloa taki vähäisen; ne merehen mestoavi yli olkansa vasemman. Sanovi sanalla tuolla, lausui tuolla lausehella: ”Tuosta tulkohon karinen, salasaari kasvakohon, johon juosta Pohjan purren, satahangan halkiella meren myrskyn hiertimessä, lainehen rapa’imessa!”

Se siitä kariksi kasvoi, loihe luo’oksi merehen, itähän pitemmin puolin, poikkipuolin pohjosehen.

Tulla puikki Pohjan pursi, halki aallon hakkoavi: jopa joutuvi karille, puuttui luotohon lujasti. Lenti poikki puinen pursi, satakaari katkieli; mastot maiskahti merehen, purjehet putoelivat noiksi tuulen vietäviksi, ahavan ajeltaviksi.

Louhi, Pohjola’s old Mistress, Called together all her forces, Bows delivered to her army, And the men with swords provided, Fitted out a ship of Pohja, As a war-ship she prepared it.

In the ship the men she stationed, And equipped for war the heroes, As the duck her ducklings musters, Or the teal her children marshals; There she ranged a hundred swordsmen, And a thousand men with crossbows.

In the boat the mast she lifted, Put the yards and spars in order, On the mast the sails adjusted, Spread the canvas o’er the sailyards; Like a hanging cloud it waved there, Like a cloud in heaven suspended; Then upon her voyage she started, Sailed away and speeded onward, Soon to struggle for the Sampo, With the boat of Väinämöinen.

Väinämöinen, old and steadfast, O’er the blue lake steered his vessel, And he spoke the words which follow, From the stern where he was seated: “O thou lively son of Lempi, Of my friends the dearest to me, Climb thou quickly to the masthead, And among the canvas hasten. Look thou to the air before thee, Look thou to the sky behind thee, Whether clear is the horizon, Or the sky is somewhat clouded.”

Then the lively Lemminkainen, Ruddy youth, accomplished scoundrel, Very active, though unbidden, Very quick, though never boastful, To the masthead then ascended, Up aloft among the canvas.

East he looked, and looked to westward, Looked to north-west and to southward, Looked across to Pohja’s coast-line, And he spoke the words which follow: “Clear in front is the horizon, Dark behind is the horizon, Rises north a cloud, a small one, Hangs a single cloud to north-west.”

Said the aged Väinämöinen, “What you say is surely nonsense, For no cloud is there ascending, Nor a single cloud arising, But perchance a sailing vessel; Look again, and look more sharply.”

Then he looked again more sharply, And he spoke the words which follow: “Far away I see an island, Dimly looming in the distance, Aspens covered o’er with falcons, Speckled grouse upon the birch-trees.”

Said the aged Väinämöinen, “What you say is surely nonsense, For no falcons do you see there, And no speckled grouse you see there, But perchance the sons of Pohja; Look more sharply for the third time.”

Then the lively Lemminkainen For the third time looked around him, And he spoke the words which follow, And in words like these expressed him: “’Tis a ship from Pohja sailing, With a hundred rowlocks fitted, And I see a hundred oarsmen, And a thousand men beside them.”

Then the aged Väinämöinen, All the truth at once perceiving, Spoke aloud the words which follow: “Row, thou smith; row, Ilmarinen; Row, O lively Lemminkainen; Row ye also, all ye people, That the boat be hurried forward, And the vessel onward driven.”

Rowed the smith, rowed Ilmarinen, Rowed the lively Lemminkainen, All the people joined in rowing. Swayed about the pinewood oars, Loudly rang the rowan rowlocks, And the pinewood boat was swaying. Like a seal the prow dashed onward, Boiled the waves behind like cataract, Like a bell uprose the water, And the foam flew up in masses.

As for wager rowed the heroes, As in race the heroes struggled, But they rowed, and made no progress, Nor could urge the wooden vessel Further from the sailing vessel, And the ship that came from Pohja.

Then the aged Väinämöinen Saw misfortune fast approaching. On his head was doomsday falling, And he pondered and reflected, How to act and how to save him, And he spoke the words which follow: “Still I know a plan of safety, Still I see a little marvel.”

Then he took a piece of tinder, In his tinder-box he found it, And of pitch he took a little, And a little piece of tinder, And into the lake he threw it, O’er his shoulder left he threw it, And he spoke the words which follow, And in words like these expressed him: “Let a reef of this be fashioned, And a cliff be fashioned from it, Where may run the ship of Pohja, Fitted with a hundred rowlocks, And may strike in lake tempestuous, And amid the waves be shattered.”

Thereupon a reef grew upward, In the lake a cliff was fashioned, Half its length to east directed, And its breadth to north directed.

Onward sped the ship of Pohja, Gliding swiftly through the lake-waves, And upon the reef came rushing, And upon the rocks wedged firmly. Broke across the wooden vessel, And to splinters it was broken; In the lake the masts fell crashing, And the sails fell drooping downward, By the wind away were carried, And the spring wind all dispersed them.

Louhi proper noun Louhi
Pohjola, Pohja proper noun Pohjola (the North)
emäntä noun female head of the household, mistress
kutsua transitive verb call, summon, invite
kokohon StdF kokoon together, to one place
panna transitive verb place something somewhere
joukko noun group, host, crowd
jousi noun bow
laittaa transitive verb place something somewhere
mies noun man
miekka noun sword
rakennella transitive verb prepare, equip
pursi noun vessel
suorittaa transitive verb arrange; prepare, equip
sota-venonen diminutive of sotavene noun a boat used in war, warship
latoa transitive verb set in order
laiva noun ship
sota-uros noun warrior
kuni, kuin conjunction as, like
sotka noun a water bird, possibly the Common Goldeneye (Bucephala clangula) Wikipedia (fi): Telkkä
poikanen noun an offspring (of an animal) a man of a certain family, tribe or people
tavi noun a water bird, apparently the Eurasian Teal (Anas crecca) Wikipedia (fi): Tavi
lapsi noun child
sata numeral hundred
miekallinen adjective having a sword, equipped with a sword
tuhat numeral thousand
uros noun man
kohennella transitive verb fix, improve, adjust
purje-puu noun mast
vaate-varpa noun yard (horizontal pole on a mast to which sails are attached)
varata transitive verb prepare, equip
nostaa transitive verb lift, raise
puu noun wood as material tree wooden object
purje noun sail
vaate noun item of clothing cloth sail
varpa-puu noun yard (horizontal pole on a mast to which sails are attached)
olla verb be
pitkä adjective long; tall
pilven lonka thick cloud, lump of cloud
pilven tönkkä thick cloud, lump of cloud
taivas noun sky, heaven
se pronoun it; that
lähteä intransitive verb leave (with a verb) begin to do
laskea verb sail, steer a boat, go down rapids
sekä conjunction and
jotta conjunction so that
joutua intransitive verb arrive in time hurry proceed end up somewhere (involuntarily)
sampo noun a Sampo (described in the Kalevala as a kind of magical mill)
tavata transitive verb catch, take reach for hit, touch find, get
vene noun boat
Väinämöinen proper noun Väinämöinen
vaka adjective steady, firm, serious
vanha adjective old
sininen adjective blue
meri noun sea (Turunen); large body of water, where the opposite shore cannot be seen (Jussila) Turunen 1981 Jussila 2009
itse pronoun (sometimes; has other uses as well) self VISK § 769
tuo pronoun that
sana noun word utterance
virkkaa verb say
puhua verb speak, say
perä noun rear part; stern of a ship or boat
oi interjection o!
sie pronoun you (singular)
lieto adjective carefree, frivolous, fickle huoleton, kevytmielinen, huikentelevainen
Lempi proper noun Lempi
poika noun boy youth, young man son
ylimäinen StdF ylimmäinen highest, topmost
ystävä noun friend
nousta intransitive verb rise, climb
nenä noun nose tip, point, end
ravahtaa intransitive verb climb quickly
katsaista transitive verb take a look at, check
etinen adjective front, forward
ilma noun air sky
tarkata transitive verb inspect, watch closely
takainen adjective back, rear
selvä adjective clear
ilman ranta noun shore of the sky (horizon)
vai conjunction or (used in either ... or questions)
sekava adjective unstable, suggesting a change in weather
Lemminkäinen proper noun Lemminkäinen
veitikkä noun rascal, foolhardy person veitikka, vekkuli, huimapää
verevä adjective ruddy; fat
hyvin particle very
kärkäs adjective quick, active, eager
käskeä verb command, order
kehua verb praise
kepeä adjective fast, quick
katsoa verb look, peer, observe katsella, tähytä, tarkastella
itä noun east
länsi noun west
luode noun west north
etelä noun south
poikki adposition (note: requires the genitive) across
ranta noun shore
taakea adjective wide, vast, open
pieni adjective little, small
pilvi noun cloud
pohjoinen noun north
sanoa verb say
jo vainen indeed, surely
valehdella intransitive verb lie (tell lies)
e- negative verb no, not VISK § 108
liene- stem of the verb ‘to be’ in the potential mood; an alternative to olle- probably is VISK § 115
purjehinen adjective with raised sails
toiste adverb again, for a second time
tarkemmasti from the adjective tarkka adverb more carefully, more sharply
tarkoin from the adjective tarkka adverb carefully, sharply
saari noun island
kaukoa StdF kaukaa from a distance, from far away
näkyä intransitive verb be visible, be seen
etähältä StdF etäältä from a distance
haamottaa intransitive verb be dimly visible
havukka StdF haukka noun hawk, falcon (used of various diurnal birds of prey)
haapa noun the Common Aspen (Populus tremula)
täynnä adverb (täynnä + a word in the partitive = ‘full of’) full
koivu noun birch, such as Betula pendula or Betula pubescens
kirjo-koppelo noun a speckled female Western Capercaillie (Tetrao urogallus)
ne pronoun they
eikä conjunction nor
kolmannesti adverb for the third time
kerran kolmannenki from kerta ‘time’, kolmas ‘third’ and particle -ki ‘too’ for the third time
lausua verb say, speak
lause noun statement, reply, line of dialogue puheenvuoro, repliikki
jo particle already
tulla intransitive verb come become
sata-hanka adverb a boat with hundred rowlocks (oarlocks)
hakata verb beat, hit repeatedly sail against the waves
soudin noun something used for rowing; oar
ilman adverb or adposition without VISK § 694
istua verb sit
silloin adverb then
tuntea transitive verb feel with the senses; taste; experience emotions know (in several senses of “know”), recognize notice, become aware of guess, expect
tosi noun truth, fact
totinen adjective real, serious
noin adverb thus
nimetä verb name (in the Kalevala only used in stock phrases that introduce quotations)
soutaa verb row
seppo a variant of seppä noun smith
Ilmarinen proper noun Ilmarinen
kaikki everything, all
kansa noun people, crowd
juosta intransitive verb run (of a boat:) glide, move forward kulkea, liukua
venonen diminutive of vene noun boat
eestä StdF edestä out of the way; from in front of
ennättää intransitive verb make it (on time); reach (a place on time); etc.
kaikenlainen adjective of many kinds
lyllyä intransitive verb bend
mela noun paddle
lylyinen adjective made of hard pine wood, lyly (reaction wood?) Jussila 2009 Wikipedia (en): Reaction wood
hanka noun rowlock (oarlock)
piukkia intransitive verb bang
pihlajainen adjective made of rowan
honkainen adjective made of the wood of a (large) pine
vapista intransitive verb shiver, shake, tremble
hyrskiä intransitive verb splash, foam pärskyä, kuohua
hylje noun seal
koski noun rapid
kohista intransitive verb flow noisily, rush
vesi noun water
kiehua intransitive verb boil, foam
kello noun bubble
vaahti noun foam
pallo noun bubble
paeta verb flee (various senses referring to movement, including:) fall behind, move further away
kilvan adverb in competition
kiskoa verb pull hard, drag
veikaten adverb in competition; defiantly
vetää verb pull, draw
matka noun journey
edistyä intransitive verb make progress, advance
puinen adjective wooden
tuho noun destruction, death
hätä-päivä noun moment of distress, time of destruction
päälle adposition onto; against
saada verb get
arvella verb think, consider
ajatella verb think, consider
miten adverb how
kuin adverb how, in what way
elää verb live
vielä adverb still
mä pronoun I
mutka noun way, method, trick
muistaa verb remember, recall
keksiä verb discover, become aware of, come up with
kumma noun wonder, strange thing obstacle, nuisance
vähäisen adverb a little
tavoittihe 3p sg reflexive form, past tense grasped
taula noun tinder made of Fomes fomentarius Wikipedia (en): Fomes fomentarius
tunkihe 3p sg reflexive form, past tense put a hand into something, grasped something
tulukset noun (tulukset is a plural) tools for kindling a fire using metal, flint and taula Turunen 1981
ottaa verb take
pii noun flint
pikkuruisen adverb a little
taki adverb quite, just
mestata verb throw, toss
yli adposition (note: requires the genitive) over
olka noun shoulder
vasen adjective left
kari, karinen karinen is diminutive noun a rock (or a group of rocks) that is underwater or slightly above the surface
sala-saari noun hidden island (underwater rock)
kasvaa intransitive verb grow
joka pronoun which
halkiella intransitive verb break, crack
myrsky noun storm
hierrin noun whirlwind
laine noun wave
rapain noun breaking wave (Jussila); the place where a wave hits (Turunen) tyrsky, hyöky, rantaan tai matalikkoon särkyvä aalto; (Turunen) aallon lyömäpaikka Jussila 2009 Turunen 1981
laine noun wave
loihe 3p sg reflexive form, past tense became
loihe 3p sg reflexive form, past tense became
luoto noun small rocky island
pitempi comparative of pitkä adjective longer
puoli noun side
poikki-puolin crosswise
tulla puikkia two-verb expression where the first verb (always in the infinitive) indicates the action and the second (with ordinary inflection) indicates the manner come rocking from side to side (Jussila); come fast (Turunen) Jussila 2009 Turunen 1981
halki adposition (note: requires the genitive) across, through
aalto noun wave
puuttua intransitive verb get stuck, be caught in
lujasti adverb tightly
lentää verb fly be broken, be shattered, be thrown 1 liikkua siivin ilmassa 5 särkyä, pirs[t?]outua, singota
poikki adverb into two pieces
sata-kaari noun boat with hundred arches
katkiella intransitive verb break taittua, särkyä, lohkeilla (Turunen: sama kuin katketa = mennä poikki)
maiskahtaa intransitive verb splash loiskahtaa, polskahtaa
putoella intransitive verb fall one by one
nuo pronoun those
tuuli noun wind
viedä verb take
ahava noun strong wind (Jussila, Turunen); dry and cold spring wind (Turunen) ahava (kova) tuuli [Turunen kuiva ja kylmä kevättuuli; voimakkaasti puhaltava tuuli] Jussila 2009 Turunen 1981
ajella verb carry (away) 3 vedestä ja ilmasta: kuljettaa mukanaan
masto noun mast

w00001 l00001 nominative sg
w00002 l00002 genitive sg of Pohjola
w00003 l00003 nominative sg
w00004 l00004 3p sg past tense summoned
w00005 l00002 genitive sg (object)
w00006 l00005
w00007 l00006 3p sg past tense (she) put
w00008 l00007 genitive sg (object) the troop
w00009 l00008 illative pl (with possessive suffix) to their bows
w00010 l00009 3p sg past tense put
w00011 l00010 nominative pl (object) the men
w00012 l00011 illative pl (with possessive suffix) to their swords
w00013 l00012 3p sg past tense equipped
w00014 l00002 genitive sg of Pohja
w00015 l00013 genitive sg (object)
w00016 l00014 3p sg past tense prepared
w00017 l00015 genitive sg (object) a warship
w00018 l00016 3p sg past tense lined up
w00019 l00010 nominative pl (object) the men
w00020 l00017 illative sg (with possessive suffix) to her (their?) ship
w00021 l00014 3p sg past tense set in order
w00022 l00018 nominative pl (object) the warriors
w00023 l00019
w00024 l00020 nominative sg a sotka
w00025 l00021 genitive pl (with possessive suffix; object) its young
w00026 l00022 nominative sg a tavi
w00027 l00023 genitive pl (with possessive suffix; object) its children
w00028 l00016 3p sg present tense lines up
w00029 l00024 nominative sg
w00030 l00010 partitive sg men
w00031 l00025 partitive sg with swords
w00032 l00026 nominative sg
w00033 l00008 adessive sg wielding bows
w00034 l00027 partitive sg men
w00035 l00028 3p sg past tense adjusted
w00036 l00029 partitive pl (object) masts
w00037 l00030 partitive pl (object) yards
w00038 l00031 3p sg past tense prepared
w00039 l00032 3p sg past tense raised
w00040 l00033 illative sg to the wood (wooden pole, mast)
w00041 l00034 partitive pl (object) sails
w00042 l00035 partitive pl (object) sails
w00043 l00036 illative pl to yards
w00044 l00019 like
w00045 l00037 3p sg present tense is (meaningless filler syllable)
w00046 l00038 genitive sg
w00047 l00039 genitive sg (object)
w00048 l00040 genitive sg (object)
w00049 l00041 adessive sg in the sky
w00050 l00042 elative (some case endings used with se are unusual) then VISK § 101
w00051 l00043 3p sg past tense (she) set out
w00052 l00044 illative of the “MA infinitive” to sail VISK § 121
w00053 l00045 both
w00054 l00043 3p sg past tense set out
w00055 l00046 and
w00056 l00047 3p sg past tense hastened
w00057 l00048 partitive sg (object) the Sampo
w00058 l00049 illative of the “MA infinitive” to get
w00059 l00050 elative sg from the boat
w00060 l00051 genitive sg of Väinämöinen
w00061 l00052 nominative sg
w00062 l00053 nominative sg
w00063 l00051 nominative sg
w00064 l00044 3p sg present tense sails
w00065 l00054 partitive sg
w00066 l00055 partitive sg (object)
w00067 l00056 himself
w00068 l00057 genitive (object)
w00069 l00058 translative pl into words
w00070 l00059 3p sg past tense spoke
w00071 l00060 3p sg past tense spoke
w00072 l00013 genitive sg (with possessive suffix) of his boat
w00073 l00061 elative sg from the stern
w00074 l00062
w00075 l00063 nominative
w00076 l00064 nominative sg
w00077 l00065 genitive sg of Lempi
w00078 l00066 nominative sg son
w00079 l00067 nominative sg dearest
w00080 l00068 nominative sg (with possessive suffix) my friend
w00081 l00069 2p sg, imperative mood climb!
w00082 l00029 genitive sg of the mast
w00083 l00070 illative sg to the top
w00084 l00030 illative sg to the yard
w00085 l00071 2p sg, imperative mood climb quickly!
w00086 l00072 2p sg, imperative mood check!
w00087 l00073 nominative sg
w00088 l00074 nominative sg (object)
w00089 l00075 2p sg, imperative mood inspect!
w00090 l00076 nominative sg
w00091 l00041 nominative sg (object)
w00092 l00037 3p sg present tense (with interrogative particle) is...?
w00093 l00077 nominative pl
w00094 l00078 nominative pl
w00095 l00037 3p sg present tense (with interrogative particle) is...?
w00096 l00077 nominative pl
w00097 l00079
w00098 l00080 nominative pl
w00099 l00057 nominative (with particle -pA) that
w00100 l00064 nominative sg
w00101 l00081 nominative sg
w00102 l00066 nominative sg young man
w00103 l00082 nominative sg
w00104 l00083 nominative sg
w00105 l00084
w00106 l00085 nominative sg
w00107 l00086 abessive of the “MA infinitive” without being told
w00108 l00087 abessive of the “MA infinitive”, with particle -ki ‘even’ even without encouragement
w00109 l00088 nominative sg
w00110 l00069 3p sg past tense climbed
w00111 l00029 genitive sg of the mast
w00112 l00070 illative sg to the top
w00113 l00030 illative sg to the yard
w00114 l00071 3p sg past tense climbed quickly
w00115 l00089 3p sg past tense observed
w00116 l00090 nominative pl (object) all east
w00117 l00089 3p sg past tense observed
w00118 l00091 nominative pl (object) all west
w00119 l00089 3p sg past tense observed
w00120 l00092 nominative pl (object) all north
w00121 l00093 nominative pl (object) all south
w00122 l00089 3p sg past tense looked
w00123 l00094
w00124 l00002 genitive sg of Pohja
w00125 l00095 genitive sg the shore
w00126 l00042 elative then
w00127 l00057 genitive (object)
w00128 l00058 translative pl into words
w00129 l00059 3p sg past tense spoke
w00130 l00077 essive sg clear
w00131 l00073 nominative sg
w00132 l00074 nominative sg
w00133 l00096 nominative sg
w00134 l00076 nominative sg
w00135 l00041 nominative sg
w00136 l00097 nominative sg
w00137 l00037 3p sg present tense is
w00138 l00098 nominative sg
w00139 l00099 inessive sg in the north
w00140 l00039 nominative sg
w00141 l00092 inessive sg in the north
w00142 l00100 3p sg past tense said
w00143 l00053 nominative sg
w00144 l00051 nominative sg
w00145 l00101
w00146 l00102 2p sg past tense (with particle -ki) you lied
w00147 l00103 3p sg not
w00148 l00042 nominative sg
w00149 l00098 nominative sg
w00150 l00037 bare stem (used with the negative verb); potential mood; with particle -kAnA probably is
w00151 l00039 nominative sg
w00152 l00104 bare stem (used with the negative verb); with particle -kAnA probably is
w00153 l00042 nominative sg
w00154 l00037 3p sg present tense is
w00155 l00013 nominative sg
w00156 l00105 nominative sg
w00157 l00089 2p sg, imperative mood look!
w00158 l00106
w00159 l00107
w00160 l00089 3p sg past tense he looked
w00161 l00106
w00162 l00089 3p sg past tense looked
w00163 l00108
w00164 l00100 3p sg present tense says
w00165 l00058 adessive sg with utterance
w00166 l00057 adessive that
w00167 l00109 nominative sg
w00168 l00110
w00169 l00111 3p sg present tense can be seen
w00170 l00112
w00171 l00113 3p sg present tense can be dimly seen
w00172 l00114 partitive pl hawks
w00173 l00115 nominative pl aspens
w00174 l00116 filled with
w00175 l00117 nominative pl birches
w00176 l00118 partitive pl with female capercaillies
w00177 l00114 partitive pl hawks
w00178 l00103 3p sg not
w00179 l00119 nominative
w00180 l00037 bare stem (used with the negative verb); potential mood probably is
w00181 l00120
w00182 l00118 partitive pl female capercaillies
w00183 l00119 nominative
w00184 l00002 genitive sg of Pohja
w00185 l00021 partitive pl sons
w00186 l00121
w00187 l00042 nominative the
w00188 l00122
w00189 l00123 3p sg past tense said
w00190 l00124 adessive sg with expression
w00191 l00125 now
w00192 l00126 3p sg present tense comes
w00193 l00127 nominative sg
w00194 l00128 3p sg present tense sails against the waves
w00195 l00129 adessive pl at oars
w00196 l00130 without (oars)
w00197 l00131 inessive of the “MA infinitive” sitting
w00198 l00132
w00199 l00125
w00200 l00133 3p sg past tense knew(?)
w00201 l00134 nominative pl (object) truths
w00202 l00135 nominative pl serious
w00203 l00058 genitive sg (object) an utterance
w00204 l00059 3p sg past tense (an alternative to virkki) (he) spoke
w00205 l00136
w00206 l00137 3p sg past tense named
w00207 l00138 2p sg, imperative mood row!
w00208 l00139 nominative sg
w00209 l00140 nominative sg
w00210 l00138 2p pl, imperative mood row!
w00211 l00141 all
w00212 l00142 nominative sg (you) people
w00213 l00046
w00214 l00143 3p sg, conditional mood would advance (quickly)
w00215 l00144 nominative sg the boat
w00216 l00145
w00217 l00146 3p sg, conditional mood would get in time
w00218 l00138 3p sg past tense rowed
w00219 l00142 nominative sg people
w00220 l00147 nominative sg
w00221 l00148 3p pl past tense bent
w00222 l00149 nominative pl paddles
w00223 l00150 nominative pl
w00224 l00151 nominative pl rowlocks
w00225 l00152 3p sg past tense banged
w00226 l00153 nominative pl
w00227 l00050 nominative sg
w00228 l00154 nominative sg
w00229 l00155 3p sg past tense trembled
w00230 l00070 nominative sg
w00231 l00156 3p sg past tense splashed
w00232 l00157 essive sg as a seal
w00233 l00061 nominative pl
w00234 l00158 essive sg as a rapid
w00235 l00159 3p sg past tense rushed
w00236 l00160 nominative sg
w00237 l00161 3p sg past tense foamed
w00238 l00162 inessive pl (plurality marked by -loi-, an alternative to -i-) in bubbles
w00239 l00163 nominative sg
w00240 l00164 inessive pl in bubbles
w00241 l00165 3p sg past tense fell behind
w00242 l00166
w00243 l00167 3p pl past tense pulled
w00244 l00027 nominative pl men
w00245 l00010 nominative pl men
w00246 l00168
w00247 l00169 3p pl past tense pulled
w00248 l00103 3p sg (with particle -pA) (but) not
w00249 l00170 nominative sg
w00250 l00171 bare stem (used with the negative verb); with particle -kAnA advances
w00251 l00165 bare stem (used with the negative verb) escapes
w00252 l00172 nominative sg
w00253 l00145 (note: requires the genitive) from
w00254 l00013 genitive sg the vessel
w00255 l00105 genitive sg
w00256 l00057 genitive
w00257 l00050 genitive sg boat
w00258 l00133 3p sg past tense felt
w00259 l00173 genitive sg destruction
w00260 l00126 genitive sg of the “VA participle” coming VISK § 521
w00261 l00174 genitive sg
w00262 l00175 upon him
w00263 l00176 genitive sg of the “VA participle” coming
w00264 l00177 3p sg present tense thinks
w00265 l00178 3p sg present tense thinks
w00266 l00179
w00267 l00037 infinitive to be
w00268 l00180
w00269 l00181 infinitive to live
w00270 l00182
w00271 l00183 nominative
w00272 l00057 illative for that
w00273 l00184 genitive sg (object)
w00274 l00185 1p sg present tense can think of
w00275 l00186 1p sg present tense I come up with
w00276 l00187 partitive sg (object) nuisances
w00277 l00188 a few
w00278 l00189 he reached for
w00279 l00190 illative pl (with possessive suffix) his tinder
w00280 l00191 he reached for
w00281 l00192 illative pl (with possessive suffix) his tinderbox
w00282 l00193 3p sg past tense he took
w00283 l00194 partitive sg (object)
w00284 l00195
w00285 l00190 partitive sg (object)
w00286 l00196 just
w00287 l00188 a little
w00288 l00119 nominative (object) them
w00289 l00055 illative sg into the sea
w00290 l00197 3p sg present tense throws
w00291 l00198
w00292 l00199 genitive sg (with possessive suffix) his shoulder
w00293 l00200 genitive sg
w00294 l00057 elative from that
w00295 l00126 3p sg, imperative mood may a ... be formed
w00296 l00201 nominative sg
w00297 l00202 nominative sg
w00298 l00203 3p sg, imperative mood may a ... grow
w00299 l00204 illative sg into which
w00300 l00143 infinitive to sail
w00301 l00013 genitive sg the ship
w00302 l00127 genitive sg the hundred-rowlocks
w00303 l00205 infinitive to be broken
w00304 l00055 genitive sg of the sea
w00305 l00206 genitive sg of a storm
w00306 l00207 inessive sg in a whirlwind
w00307 l00208 genitive sg of a wave
w00308 l00209 inessive sg at the breaking
w00309 l00042 nominative it
w00310 l00042 elative then
w00311 l00201 translative sg into a rock
w00312 l00203 3p sg past tense grew
w00313 l00211
w00314 l00213 translative sg an island
w00315 l00055 illative sg in the sea
w00316 l00090 illative sg eastward
w00317 l00214 instructive pl longer
w00318 l00215 instructive pl with sides
w00319 l00216
w00320 l00099 illative sg to the north
w00321 l00217 3p sg past tense came rocking from side to side(?)
w00322 l00218
w00323 l00219 genitive sg wave
w00324 l00128 3p sg present tense sails
w00325 l00125 with particle -pA (but) then
w00326 l00047 3p sg present tense it runs aground
w00327 l00201 allative sg on the rock
w00328 l00220 3p sg past tense got stuck
w00329 l00213 illative sg on the island
w00330 l00221
w00331 l00222 3p sg past tense was smashed
w00332 l00223 in half
w00333 l00224 nominative sg
w00334 l00225 3p sg past tense broke
w00335 l00233 nominative pl masts
w00336 l00226 3p sg past tense splashed
w00337 l00055 illative sg into the sea
w00338 l00034 nominative pl sails
w00339 l00227 3p pl past tense fell one by one
w00340 l00228 translative into those
w00341 l00229 genitive sg by the wind
w00342 l00230 translative pl of the “VA participle” ones that are taken
w00343 l00231 genitive sg by the (strong? spring?) wind
w00344 l00232 translative pl of the “VA participle” into ones that are driven

n00001

After a number larger than one, the partitive singular is used.
n00002

Sekä ... jotta or sekä ... että: ‘both ... and’.
n00003

The verb is in the singular here, although ilman rannat is plural. Using the third person singular form of the verb to cover the plural as well is common in the Kalevala.
n00004

During the quest for the Sampo, Lemminkäinen has the role of a comic sidekick who is eager to help but tends to fail miserably.
n00005

Possible translations: “that is no cloud”, “I don’t think that is a cloud”.
n00006

In expressions like “they are (not) of type X”, the X is in the partitive. Here we once again have a singular verb with a plural subject. Plurality would in this case be expressed by the negative verb: eivät olle ‘are (probably) not’.
n00007

‘There are a hundred men’.
n00008

‘For the ship of Pohja to run into’.
n00009

‘To be taken away by the wind’. Noiksi is not necessary for the meaning and would be omitted in ordinary prose.

Reading the Kalevala

in the original language

Runo 43: The fight for the Sampo (a fragment)